wooden jewelry box wholesale How to make aircraft models

Frank

November 12, 2022 at 9:47 am

wholesale online shopping international shipping jewelry First, what is aviation model
In the rules of competition formulated by the International Airlines Federation clearly stipulate that "Aviation model is more important than air, limited size, with or no engine. Aircraft is called aviation model. Its technical requirements are:
The maximum flight weight is 5,000 grams of fuel;
maximum lift area is 150 square meters;
maximum wing load load 100 grams/square meter;
The maximum working volume of the piston engine is 10 liters.
1. What is an airplane model
generally considered to be unable to fly. The model made is called an airplane model.
2, what is a model aircraft
generally called a model aircraft that can fly in the air, called aviation model.
. The composition of the model aircraft
Model aircraft is generally the same as manned aircraft. It is mainly composed of five parts: wing, tail, fuselage, landing gear and engine.
1, wing -is a device that generates lift during flight, and can be able to be able to generate lift during flight, and can be capable of flying, and can be able to be able to generate lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to generate lift, and it can be able to fly. Keep the model airplane flight stabilizer when flying.
2, rear wing -including horizontal rear wing and vertical tail wing. Horizontal rear wing can maintain the pitch stabilization of the model aircraft when flying, and the vertical tail maintains the direction of the model airplane flight. . The lifting rudder on the horizontal tail can control the lifting of the model aircraft, and the rudder on the vertical tail can control the flight direction of the model aircraft. . At the same time, the body can load the necessary control machines, equipment and fuels.
4, the landing gear — the device for the launch, landing and parking of model aircraft. Called the first three points; the front two sides of the front side, and the latter landing rack is called the rear three points.
5, the engine -it is a device for flying power to generate flight power. Pistons engine, jet engine, electric motor.
. Aviation model technology commonly used terms
1, wing exhibition -the straight line distance between the wing (rear wing). Calculated).
2, full length of the fuselage -the straight line distance from the forefront of the model aircraft. n4, the tail heart arm -from the center of gravity to the distance of one -quarter long length of the front edge of the horizontal tail. — The front end of the wing type.
7, the back edge -the end of the wing type.
8, wing strings -connection between front and rear edges. The ratio of the length of the exhibition to the average wing strings. The exhibition strings are narrow than the wings. The first section of the activity method and the main point of counseling
Aerial model activities generally include three ways of production, flying and competition. Three stages.
The task of production activities is to complete the model production and assembly. Education for students, labor habits, and labor skills through production activities. Let them learn to use tools, identify materials, master the processing process, and get practical training.
This is a more favorite activity of students. Successful release can greatly improve their interest. The release activities must be carefully taught, follow the procedures for flying, introduce the knowledge of flight adjustment, and commented on demonstration and actual flight situation. By flying the training of students to apply knowledge and physical fitness.
The competition can push the event to the climax. The winners are encouraged and confident: those who lose or get lessons, or if they are not convinced, they will be strong. It is a good form of guiding students to summarize their experiences and stimulate creativity and continuous aggressive spirit. Participating in large -scale competitions will make them great exercise and never forget.
The basic knowledge of flight adjustment at the second section of flight adjustment
Iflight adjustment is the application of the principle of flight. Without at least the knowledge of flight principles, it is difficult to adjust the flying model. Counselor should guide students to learn aviation knowledge, and introduce relevant basic knowledge based on their ability to accept, combine production and release. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent the modeling activities from becoming a special theoretical course.
1. Lift and resistance
The reason why airplanes and model aircraft can fly because the lift of the wing overcomes gravity. The lift of the wing is formed by the pressure difference between the upper and lower air of the wing. When the model is flying in the air, the air flow rate on the surface of the wing is accelerated and the pressure is reduced; This is the reason why the upper and lower pressure differences are caused.
The causes of changes in the upper and lower flow velocity of the wing: A. The wing type of asymmetric; B, the wing and relative airflow have an angle. The wing type is the shape of the wing section. Most of the wing section is asymmetric, as if the lower arc is bent upward (flat convex) and the upper and lower arcs are bent upward (bump type). Symmetric wing type must have a certain angle to generate lift.
The size of lift depends mainly on four factors: A, lift to the wing area proportional; B, lift and aircraft speed proportional proportional. Under the same conditions, the faster the flying speed, the greater the lift; C. The lift is related to the wing type, usually the lift of the asymmetric wing -type wings; D. The lift is related to the angle. The corner line increases, and the angle increased liter after a certain boundary limit decreases. This division is called a critical angle.
The wing and horizontal rear wing also generate resistance except for lift, and other components generally only generate resistance.
. Flying
The horizontal uniform speed flying is called flat flight. Pingfei is the most basic flying attitude. The conditions for maintaining the flat flight are: lift is equal to gravity, and tension is equal to resistance (Figure 3).
Because the lift and resistance are related to the speed of flight, if the original model of the original flat flight increases the horsepower, the tension will be greater than the resistance to speed up the flight speed. After the speed of flight is accelerated, the lift will increase, and the lift is greater than the gravity model. In order to keep the model's flat flight at a high horsepower and flight speed, we must reduce the corner accordingly. Conversely, in order to keep the model from flat flying under small horsepower and speed conditions, we must increase the corner accordingly. Therefore, the manipulating (adjustment) model to the flat flight state is essentially the correct matching of the engine horsepower and the flying angle.
. Climbing
This mentioned earlier when the model is flattened, it will turn to climb. The angle between the climbing trajectory and the horizontal plane is called climbing angle. Under a certain condition of climbing corners, a certain horsepower may reach a new force balance, and the model enters the state of stable climbing (speed and corner climbing remain unchanged). The specific conditions of stable climbing are: the division of the tensile force is equal to the force of the resistance to increase the strength (f = x ten gsinθ); the lift is equal to another force of gravity (y = gcosθ). When climbing up, some gravity is buried by the tension, so a large pulling force is required, and the burden of lift is reduced (Figure 4).
is similar to peaceful flying. In order to maintain a stable climbing under the condition of a certain climbing angle, the proper match of horsepower and angle is required. Breaking this matching will not keep stable climbing. For example, increasing horsepower will cause increased speed, increase lift, and increase climbing corners. If the horsepower is too large, it will continue to increase the climbing corner, and the model climb along the arc trajectory. This is the common phenomenon of pulling (Figure 5).
four, gliding
gliding is a flying flight without power. During gliding, the resistance of the model is balanced by gravity, so gliding can only fly down the slanting line. The angle between the gliding trajectory and the horizontal plane is called the gliding corner.
The condition of stable gliding (gliding corners and gliding speeds remain unchanged) is: resistance is equal to the forward force of gravity (x = gsinθ); the lift is equal to another force of gravity (y = gcosθ).
This angle is an important aspect of gliding performance. The smaller the gliding corner, the farther the gliding distance at the same height. The ratio of gliding distance (L) to the decline height (H) is called gliding ratio (K), and gliding ratio is equal to the remaining cutting ratio of gliding angles, which is equal to the ratio of the model lift to resistance (lift ratio). Ctgθ = 1/h = k.
This speed is another important aspect of gliding performance. The larger the model lift coefficient, the smaller the gliding speed; the larger the wing load of the model, the greater the gliding speed.
Is adjusting a model aircraft, mainly using lift adjustments and centering of gravity to change the wing angle to achieve the purpose of changing the gliding state. Fifth, the torque balance and adjustment method
The adjustment of the model must not only pay attention to the balance, but also pay attention to the balance of the torque. The torque is the rotation effect of force. The center of the model aircraft in the air is its own center of gravity, so the gravity does not produce a rotor for the model. As long as other forces do not have the center of gravity, they will have a torque to the center of gravity. In order to facilitate the analysis of the model rotation, the rotation of the heart is decomposed into a rotation of the three false imagination axes, these three shafts are vertically and intertwined to the center of gravity (Figure 7). The longitudinal axis before and after the model runs through the model, and the rotation of the longitudinal axis is the rolling of the model; the upper and lower shafts of the penetrating model, and the rotation of the standing axis is the direction of the model; Model piercing.
For the adjustment model, it mainly involves four kinds of torque; this is the lift torque of the wing, the lift torque of the horizontal tail; the tension torque of the engine; the reaction torque of the power system.
The wing lift torque is related to pitch balance. The main factors that determine the wing lift torque are the vertical position of the center of gravity, the wing installation angle, and the wing area.
The horizontal tail lift torque is also piercing torque. Its size depends on the tail force arm and horizontal tail installation angle and area.
It the tension line will form a pitch torque or direction torque if it is not gravated. The size of the tension torque determines the size of the center of gravity from the tension and the tension line. The engine's reaction torque is a horizontal side (rolling) torque. Its direction is opposite to the direction of the propeller rotation. Its size is related to power and the quality of the propeller.
This torque balance determines the angle of the wing: increasing the head of the head or reducing the low head torque will increase the angle; otherwise, the angle will be reduced. Therefore, the adjustment of the balancing of the torque is the most important. Generally, it is used with lifting adjustments, adjusting the wing or horizontal tail installation angle, changing the tilted up and down angle of the tension, and the center of movement of the front and back.
This torque balance is mainly adjusted with direction and tensile angle. The horizontal torque balance is mainly adjusted with auxiliary wing.
It section 3 Check the correction and throw test flight
. Check the correction
The model of a model aircraft should be checked and necessary after assembly. The content of the inspection is the geometric size and center of gravity of the model. The method of inspection is generally visual inspection. For more accurate reasons, some projects can also perform some simple measurement.
The visual method is to observe whether the geometric size of the model is accurate from the three directions of the three views. Facting the direction of the wing mainly depends on whether the upper corners on both sides of the wing are equal; whether the wing is distorted; whether the rear wing is sloping or distorted. The side view mainly depends on the installation angle of the wing and the horizontal rear wing and the installation angle of their installation; Looking down at the direction of the vertical tail, there is a biased oblique; the tension line is left and right; whether the wing and horizontal rear wing is sloping.
The small model generally uses a fulcrum to check the center of gravity. Select a little support model. When the model is stable, the fulcrum is the position of the center of gravity.
If the detection of major errors, it should be corrected before the test flight. If the error is small, you can not correct it for the time being, but you should know it in your heart and observe further during the test flight.
. Throwing test flights
The purpose of throwing test flight is to observe and adjust gliding performance. The method is to perform the fuselage (the center of gravity of the model) in the right hand, hold the head over the head, the model remains flat, the head of the machine is leaning down the wind for about 10 degrees, and the model is thrown straight at the direction of the fuselage. Flying status. The method of throwing must be practiced multiple times. Pay attention to correcting various incorrect methods. The more common problems are: the left and right tilt of the model or leaning on the head of the machine; ; The direction of the shot is not the front of the body, but the upward throwing; the shot speed is too large or too small.
It, if the model is straight, the small angle of the model is smooth, and it is normal for a slightly turning. In the following abnormal flying attitude, adjustment should be made to make the model reach the normal gliding state
1, wave -shaped flight: gliding trajectory ups and downs like waves. Generally, it is called "head light" that the center of gravity is too back. Although this statement is correct but not comprehensive. In fact, excessive corners of the head of all heads or lower heads will cause wave -shaped flight. The method of adjustment is: A, push pole (lift and adjustment of the tide); B, the center of gravity move forward (the nose of the machine); C. Reduce the wing installation angle; D. Increase the horizontal tail installation angle Ring).
2. Dive: Rush under the angle of the model. Generally called "head heavy", this statement is not comprehensive enough. Everything is too small, and the angle caused by too much torque is too small, which will cause a model dive. The method of adjustment is: A, pull rod (upward and upward adjustment of the upper and lower adjustment of the upper and up); B, the center of gravity moves back (reduced the weight of the head); C. Increase the wing installation angle; Essence
3. Speed turn: The model turns down to the left (or right). The reason is that the direction of the torque is imbalanced or the horizontal torque is imbalance. The specific reasons are mostly rotated torque for the direction of the left and right lifts caused by wing distortion or vertical tail vertical deflection. The consequences of the bending of the fuselage are the same as the vertical tail turn, which may also cause rapid rotation. The methods of adjustment are: A. Adjust the film (kicking the rudder) towards the reverse pull direction of the turn;
This or advanced models of aircraft or advanced model aircraft are the same as adjustment models, and they are changing the balance of torque. The primary models generally do not have these rudder planes, so I have to use the method of changing these air dynamic faces to achieve the purpose of adjustment. There are three methods:
A, heating and fixed shape: pull the parts that need to be adjusted to a certain angle at the same time and add the same angle and add it at the same time. Warm (qi, blowing heat, baking, etc.), stay for a certain time to deform it. This method is suitable for paper, blowing plastic paper, and wood chip components. Generally, the more dogs are pulled, the higher the temperature, and the longer the maintenance time, the more deformation.
B. Substallment and deformation: Brush the appropriate concentration of transparent oil on the side of the wing surface that needs to be adjusted. This side will be solidified by the transparent cloth oil to shrink the wing surface.
C. Fixed frame. Fix the wing surface according to the adjustment requirements of the type to achieve the purpose of changing the form. Generally combined with heating or brushing coatings. This method is suitable for the adjustment of the frame -type wing surface. Section Fourth Section of Straight Straight Follow Subjects

One or three flight methods

The undergraduate subject is to play the flight distance from the game under limited width conditions. There are three factors that determine the results: A. Throwing technology; B. The gliding performance of the model; C. The straight -line flight performance of the model. There are three types of flight:
1. Natural gliding straight -line flight: The speed of the shot is the same as the model of the model. Between 10 meters.
2. Horizontal front -to -line flight: The speed of the shot is slightly greater than the model. This method may increase by 2 to 5 meters than natural gliding.
3. Flying lines before climbing: shoot at a greater speed and can have a small angle. After the shot, the model crawled straight along the small angle and then turned to glide. This method may increase by more than 5 to 10 meters than the natural gliding distance.
The first method is low, but it is easy to master and the success rate is high. The latter two ways are far away, but it is difficult to fly and adjust the technical difficulty and the success rate. Because the direction deviation is proportional to the flight distance, the probability of flying out of the sideline after the flight distance is increased (the grade after flying out of the border is invalid); (b), especially before rising Flying out of the edge. Therefore, in order to achieve good results, we need to understand more flight adjustment knowledge, improve physical fitness, and skillfully apply throwing skills.
. The adjustment of the model

1. Global performance. Global performance is the basis for flying a large straight line. Pay attention to two issues when adjusting. One is the maximum reduction of resistance. The surface of the model should be kept smooth. The parts and components are streamlined (also include weight). Comparison, that is, can increase gliding ratio.
The second point is to adjust to a favorable corner. The angle is controlled by the lifting adjustment film. The lift ratio of different angle models is different, which is the largest favorable angle rising ratio, and the same height gliding distance. After normal gliding, you need to fine -tune the lifting adjustment film to find a best rudder position.
2. The weight of the model. Many people have a impression, and it seems that the more the model is, the more not far. actually not. The model of the model has nothing to do with weight. On the other hand, the kinetic energy of the small model is small, the ability to overcome resistance is small, and the distance between the throwing distance is small. This reason is not far away from the fluttering straw. Therefore, the model of the straight line distance items should be appropriately increased within the scope allowed by the rules to increase the kinetic energy of the model.
3. The rigidity of the wing. The initial speed of the hand throw model is large, the wing is bearing the torque, it is easy to deform or even trembling and affect the flight performance. For this reason, carefully operate when making, so as not to let the wing surface not crease. If the rigidity is still insufficient, it is necessary to strengthen it appropriately. The method is to apply glue at the joint and fuselage coexistence, and you can also double -sided ones (such as tape) in a single -sided domain of the wing root.
4. Adjustment of straight -line flight
A. The ideal linear flight is the model that has no direction unbalanced torque and has no horizontal unbalanced torque, that is, the vertical tail does not have a biased angle (direction adjustment of the center position), left and right, left and right, left and right, Wing is completely symmetrical (no auxiliary wing effect). This situation not only has the least resistance, but also adapts to changes in speed.
B. In fact, the model is generally turning. The reason is nothing more than the asymmetry of the wing (most of the cases are distorted by the wing), which produces rolling torque, or the vertical tail has a torque of the direction. In this case, it is best to find out the reason for "right medicine" to achieve a straight -line flight close to the ideal. We call this adjustment method "direct adjustment method".
C. There is also a method of adjustment, such as the torque of rolling to the left due to the distortion of the wing, the model tilted to the left, and the force of the lift to the left turn the model to turn left. This situation does not directly correct the distortion of the wing, but gives a little right rudder, which can also make the model fly directly. This adjustment method is called "indirect adjustment method". Although indirect adjustment can also achieve straight -line flight, this linear flight is flawed: one is to increase the resistance and reduce gliding performance; the other is that it is difficult to adapt to changes in speed. The reason for the latter turning polarization is mostly caused by indirect adjustment.
Therefore, the "direct adjustment method" should be adopted to avoid the "indirect adjustment method".
5. The method of overcoming the stagnation of the front jumping stall
This mentioned earlier that the front and forward climbing can greatly increase the flight results, but at the same time, there is a risk of defeat rushing and stall steering. Therefore, overcoming the speed of the previous loss is the key to increasing results.
The measures to overcome the stagnation of the front stagnation are to improve the stability of the pitch. The specific method is to move the center of gravity forward appropriately. At the same time, the wings are increased accordingly, and the installation angle of the horizontal rear wing is increased to maintain a pitch balance. In this way, when the wing of the head rushing up in front of the model is gradually approaching the stall, the horizontal tail is not stagnant as the corner is small, and the horizontal tail still has enough low head to turn the model to glide.
. Another way to overcome the defeat of the front stall is to fly with a smaller angle. It turns out that the larger the angle, the easier it is to rush down, the smaller the angle, the less likely to enter the stall.
This stall turning is caused by the distortion of the wing. When the wing is distorted, there must be a corner Jiaotong University (the other side becomes smaller). When the half of the wing is stagnant first, the model is tilted to turn. The indirect adjustments mentioned earlier are particularly manifested in this situation, so the distortion of the wing must be completely corrected.

. Throwing skills

After the model is adjusted, it is determined that the flight score depends entirely on the throwing skills. Good skills can give full play to the flight performance of the model, and even make up for certain defects of the model. Therefore, it is not a matter of investing. Repeat the essentials:
1. The actions of running and throwing should be coordinated to keep the model stable, avoid jittering and drawing arcs.
2. Proper shot speed. The speed of the shot is not fixed, different adjustments, different flight methods, different wind speed wind directions require different shots. Strive to do whatever you want, accurate.
3. Appropriate angle of shots. Generally, the natural gliding method should have a small negative angle; the horizontal forward rush angle angle is generally zero (level); the rushing side should have a proper positive angle (elevation angle).
4. Shooting point and direction of shot: If the model is completely straight, in the case of no wind, the athletes should shot to the front point of the take -off line, so the success rate is the highest. But in fact, the majority of the turning models account for the majority, and the side wind is flying. Smart athletes are good at using the changes in shots and directions to correct the deviation caused by the change of side wind and model transformation. For example, if the right turning model is released in the middle of the take -off line, it may fly out of the side line from the right. If you touch the left wind again, the situation will be more serious. If you change a way -the shot point is on the left side of the take -off line, and the direction of the shot is conscious. In this way, the first half of the model may fly out of the left line in the air, and the rear half may come back to land in the field to make the results effective.
5. Wind and throwing timing: The impact of wind on flight is unfavorable, and there are also favorable aspects. For example, the smooth air can increase the flight distance; the backwind reduces the flight distance, and the side wind sometimes exacerbates the partiality, and sometimes reduces the partiality. Wind is generally mandor, and wind speeds and wind directions are constantly changing. Be good at capturing the best time. For example, it is best to make a big wind in the wind in the wind, and the weak wind is shot instantly when the wind is against the wind.

5 thoughts on “wooden jewelry box wholesale How to make aircraft models”

Frank
November 12, 2022 at 9:47 am

wholesale online shopping international shipping jewelry First, what is aviation model
In the rules of competition formulated by the International Airlines Federation clearly stipulate that "Aviation model is more important than air, limited size, with or no engine. Aircraft is called aviation model. Its technical requirements are:
The maximum flight weight is 5,000 grams of fuel;
maximum lift area is 150 square meters;
maximum wing load load 100 grams/square meter;
The maximum working volume of the piston engine is 10 liters.
1. What is an airplane model
generally considered to be unable to fly. The model made is called an airplane model.
2, what is a model aircraft
generally called a model aircraft that can fly in the air, called aviation model.
. The composition of the model aircraft
Model aircraft is generally the same as manned aircraft. It is mainly composed of five parts: wing, tail, fuselage, landing gear and engine.
1, wing -is a device that generates lift during flight, and can be able to be able to generate lift during flight, and can be capable of flying, and can be able to be able to generate lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to have a lift during flight, and it can be able to generate lift, and it can be able to fly. Keep the model airplane flight stabilizer when flying.
2, rear wing -including horizontal rear wing and vertical tail wing. Horizontal rear wing can maintain the pitch stabilization of the model aircraft when flying, and the vertical tail maintains the direction of the model airplane flight. . The lifting rudder on the horizontal tail can control the lifting of the model aircraft, and the rudder on the vertical tail can control the flight direction of the model aircraft. . At the same time, the body can load the necessary control machines, equipment and fuels.
4, the landing gear — the device for the launch, landing and parking of model aircraft. Called the first three points; the front two sides of the front side, and the latter landing rack is called the rear three points.
5, the engine -it is a device for flying power to generate flight power. Pistons engine, jet engine, electric motor.
. Aviation model technology commonly used terms
1, wing exhibition -the straight line distance between the wing (rear wing). Calculated).
2, full length of the fuselage -the straight line distance from the forefront of the model aircraft. n4, the tail heart arm -from the center of gravity to the distance of one -quarter long length of the front edge of the horizontal tail. — The front end of the wing type.
7, the back edge -the end of the wing type.
8, wing strings -connection between front and rear edges. The ratio of the length of the exhibition to the average wing strings. The exhibition strings are narrow than the wings. The first section of the activity method and the main point of counseling
Aerial model activities generally include three ways of production, flying and competition. Three stages.
The task of production activities is to complete the model production and assembly. Education for students, labor habits, and labor skills through production activities. Let them learn to use tools, identify materials, master the processing process, and get practical training.
This is a more favorite activity of students. Successful release can greatly improve their interest. The release activities must be carefully taught, follow the procedures for flying, introduce the knowledge of flight adjustment, and commented on demonstration and actual flight situation. By flying the training of students to apply knowledge and physical fitness.
The competition can push the event to the climax. The winners are encouraged and confident: those who lose or get lessons, or if they are not convinced, they will be strong. It is a good form of guiding students to summarize their experiences and stimulate creativity and continuous aggressive spirit. Participating in large -scale competitions will make them great exercise and never forget.
The basic knowledge of flight adjustment at the second section of flight adjustment
Iflight adjustment is the application of the principle of flight. Without at least the knowledge of flight principles, it is difficult to adjust the flying model. Counselor should guide students to learn aviation knowledge, and introduce relevant basic knowledge based on their ability to accept, combine production and release. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent the modeling activities from becoming a special theoretical course.
1. Lift and resistance
The reason why airplanes and model aircraft can fly because the lift of the wing overcomes gravity. The lift of the wing is formed by the pressure difference between the upper and lower air of the wing. When the model is flying in the air, the air flow rate on the surface of the wing is accelerated and the pressure is reduced; This is the reason why the upper and lower pressure differences are caused.
The causes of changes in the upper and lower flow velocity of the wing: A. The wing type of asymmetric; B, the wing and relative airflow have an angle. The wing type is the shape of the wing section. Most of the wing section is asymmetric, as if the lower arc is bent upward (flat convex) and the upper and lower arcs are bent upward (bump type). Symmetric wing type must have a certain angle to generate lift.
The size of lift depends mainly on four factors: A, lift to the wing area proportional; B, lift and aircraft speed proportional proportional. Under the same conditions, the faster the flying speed, the greater the lift; C. The lift is related to the wing type, usually the lift of the asymmetric wing -type wings; D. The lift is related to the angle. The corner line increases, and the angle increased liter after a certain boundary limit decreases. This division is called a critical angle.
The wing and horizontal rear wing also generate resistance except for lift, and other components generally only generate resistance.
. Flying
The horizontal uniform speed flying is called flat flight. Pingfei is the most basic flying attitude. The conditions for maintaining the flat flight are: lift is equal to gravity, and tension is equal to resistance (Figure 3).
Because the lift and resistance are related to the speed of flight, if the original model of the original flat flight increases the horsepower, the tension will be greater than the resistance to speed up the flight speed. After the speed of flight is accelerated, the lift will increase, and the lift is greater than the gravity model. In order to keep the model's flat flight at a high horsepower and flight speed, we must reduce the corner accordingly. Conversely, in order to keep the model from flat flying under small horsepower and speed conditions, we must increase the corner accordingly. Therefore, the manipulating (adjustment) model to the flat flight state is essentially the correct matching of the engine horsepower and the flying angle.
. Climbing
This mentioned earlier when the model is flattened, it will turn to climb. The angle between the climbing trajectory and the horizontal plane is called climbing angle. Under a certain condition of climbing corners, a certain horsepower may reach a new force balance, and the model enters the state of stable climbing (speed and corner climbing remain unchanged). The specific conditions of stable climbing are: the division of the tensile force is equal to the force of the resistance to increase the strength (f = x ten gsinθ); the lift is equal to another force of gravity (y = gcosθ). When climbing up, some gravity is buried by the tension, so a large pulling force is required, and the burden of lift is reduced (Figure 4).
is similar to peaceful flying. In order to maintain a stable climbing under the condition of a certain climbing angle, the proper match of horsepower and angle is required. Breaking this matching will not keep stable climbing. For example, increasing horsepower will cause increased speed, increase lift, and increase climbing corners. If the horsepower is too large, it will continue to increase the climbing corner, and the model climb along the arc trajectory. This is the common phenomenon of pulling (Figure 5).
four, gliding
gliding is a flying flight without power. During gliding, the resistance of the model is balanced by gravity, so gliding can only fly down the slanting line. The angle between the gliding trajectory and the horizontal plane is called the gliding corner.
The condition of stable gliding (gliding corners and gliding speeds remain unchanged) is: resistance is equal to the forward force of gravity (x = gsinθ); the lift is equal to another force of gravity (y = gcosθ).
This angle is an important aspect of gliding performance. The smaller the gliding corner, the farther the gliding distance at the same height. The ratio of gliding distance (L) to the decline height (H) is called gliding ratio (K), and gliding ratio is equal to the remaining cutting ratio of gliding angles, which is equal to the ratio of the model lift to resistance (lift ratio). Ctgθ = 1/h = k.
This speed is another important aspect of gliding performance. The larger the model lift coefficient, the smaller the gliding speed; the larger the wing load of the model, the greater the gliding speed.
Is adjusting a model aircraft, mainly using lift adjustments and centering of gravity to change the wing angle to achieve the purpose of changing the gliding state. Fifth, the torque balance and adjustment method
The adjustment of the model must not only pay attention to the balance, but also pay attention to the balance of the torque. The torque is the rotation effect of force. The center of the model aircraft in the air is its own center of gravity, so the gravity does not produce a rotor for the model. As long as other forces do not have the center of gravity, they will have a torque to the center of gravity. In order to facilitate the analysis of the model rotation, the rotation of the heart is decomposed into a rotation of the three false imagination axes, these three shafts are vertically and intertwined to the center of gravity (Figure 7). The longitudinal axis before and after the model runs through the model, and the rotation of the longitudinal axis is the rolling of the model; the upper and lower shafts of the penetrating model, and the rotation of the standing axis is the direction of the model; Model piercing.
For the adjustment model, it mainly involves four kinds of torque; this is the lift torque of the wing, the lift torque of the horizontal tail; the tension torque of the engine; the reaction torque of the power system.
The wing lift torque is related to pitch balance. The main factors that determine the wing lift torque are the vertical position of the center of gravity, the wing installation angle, and the wing area.
The horizontal tail lift torque is also piercing torque. Its size depends on the tail force arm and horizontal tail installation angle and area.
It the tension line will form a pitch torque or direction torque if it is not gravated. The size of the tension torque determines the size of the center of gravity from the tension and the tension line. The engine's reaction torque is a horizontal side (rolling) torque. Its direction is opposite to the direction of the propeller rotation. Its size is related to power and the quality of the propeller.
This torque balance determines the angle of the wing: increasing the head of the head or reducing the low head torque will increase the angle; otherwise, the angle will be reduced. Therefore, the adjustment of the balancing of the torque is the most important. Generally, it is used with lifting adjustments, adjusting the wing or horizontal tail installation angle, changing the tilted up and down angle of the tension, and the center of movement of the front and back.
This torque balance is mainly adjusted with direction and tensile angle. The horizontal torque balance is mainly adjusted with auxiliary wing.
It section 3 Check the correction and throw test flight
. Check the correction
The model of a model aircraft should be checked and necessary after assembly. The content of the inspection is the geometric size and center of gravity of the model. The method of inspection is generally visual inspection. For more accurate reasons, some projects can also perform some simple measurement.
The visual method is to observe whether the geometric size of the model is accurate from the three directions of the three views. Facting the direction of the wing mainly depends on whether the upper corners on both sides of the wing are equal; whether the wing is distorted; whether the rear wing is sloping or distorted. The side view mainly depends on the installation angle of the wing and the horizontal rear wing and the installation angle of their installation; Looking down at the direction of the vertical tail, there is a biased oblique; the tension line is left and right; whether the wing and horizontal rear wing is sloping.
The small model generally uses a fulcrum to check the center of gravity. Select a little support model. When the model is stable, the fulcrum is the position of the center of gravity.
If the detection of major errors, it should be corrected before the test flight. If the error is small, you can not correct it for the time being, but you should know it in your heart and observe further during the test flight.
. Throwing test flights
The purpose of throwing test flight is to observe and adjust gliding performance. The method is to perform the fuselage (the center of gravity of the model) in the right hand, hold the head over the head, the model remains flat, the head of the machine is leaning down the wind for about 10 degrees, and the model is thrown straight at the direction of the fuselage. Flying status. The method of throwing must be practiced multiple times. Pay attention to correcting various incorrect methods. The more common problems are: the left and right tilt of the model or leaning on the head of the machine; ; The direction of the shot is not the front of the body, but the upward throwing; the shot speed is too large or too small.
It, if the model is straight, the small angle of the model is smooth, and it is normal for a slightly turning. In the following abnormal flying attitude, adjustment should be made to make the model reach the normal gliding state
1, wave -shaped flight: gliding trajectory ups and downs like waves. Generally, it is called "head light" that the center of gravity is too back. Although this statement is correct but not comprehensive. In fact, excessive corners of the head of all heads or lower heads will cause wave -shaped flight. The method of adjustment is: A, push pole (lift and adjustment of the tide); B, the center of gravity move forward (the nose of the machine); C. Reduce the wing installation angle; D. Increase the horizontal tail installation angle Ring).
2. Dive: Rush under the angle of the model. Generally called "head heavy", this statement is not comprehensive enough. Everything is too small, and the angle caused by too much torque is too small, which will cause a model dive. The method of adjustment is: A, pull rod (upward and upward adjustment of the upper and lower adjustment of the upper and up); B, the center of gravity moves back (reduced the weight of the head); C. Increase the wing installation angle; Essence
3. Speed turn: The model turns down to the left (or right). The reason is that the direction of the torque is imbalanced or the horizontal torque is imbalance. The specific reasons are mostly rotated torque for the direction of the left and right lifts caused by wing distortion or vertical tail vertical deflection. The consequences of the bending of the fuselage are the same as the vertical tail turn, which may also cause rapid rotation. The methods of adjustment are: A. Adjust the film (kicking the rudder) towards the reverse pull direction of the turn;
This or advanced models of aircraft or advanced model aircraft are the same as adjustment models, and they are changing the balance of torque. The primary models generally do not have these rudder planes, so I have to use the method of changing these air dynamic faces to achieve the purpose of adjustment. There are three methods:
A, heating and fixed shape: pull the parts that need to be adjusted to a certain angle at the same time and add the same angle and add it at the same time. Warm (qi, blowing heat, baking, etc.), stay for a certain time to deform it. This method is suitable for paper, blowing plastic paper, and wood chip components. Generally, the more dogs are pulled, the higher the temperature, and the longer the maintenance time, the more deformation.
B. Substallment and deformation: Brush the appropriate concentration of transparent oil on the side of the wing surface that needs to be adjusted. This side will be solidified by the transparent cloth oil to shrink the wing surface.
C. Fixed frame. Fix the wing surface according to the adjustment requirements of the type to achieve the purpose of changing the form. Generally combined with heating or brushing coatings. This method is suitable for the adjustment of the frame -type wing surface. Section Fourth Section of Straight Straight Follow Subjects

One or three flight methods

The undergraduate subject is to play the flight distance from the game under limited width conditions. There are three factors that determine the results: A. Throwing technology; B. The gliding performance of the model; C. The straight -line flight performance of the model. There are three types of flight:
1. Natural gliding straight -line flight: The speed of the shot is the same as the model of the model. Between 10 meters.
2. Horizontal front -to -line flight: The speed of the shot is slightly greater than the model. This method may increase by 2 to 5 meters than natural gliding.
3. Flying lines before climbing: shoot at a greater speed and can have a small angle. After the shot, the model crawled straight along the small angle and then turned to glide. This method may increase by more than 5 to 10 meters than the natural gliding distance.
The first method is low, but it is easy to master and the success rate is high. The latter two ways are far away, but it is difficult to fly and adjust the technical difficulty and the success rate. Because the direction deviation is proportional to the flight distance, the probability of flying out of the sideline after the flight distance is increased (the grade after flying out of the border is invalid); (b), especially before rising Flying out of the edge. Therefore, in order to achieve good results, we need to understand more flight adjustment knowledge, improve physical fitness, and skillfully apply throwing skills.
. The adjustment of the model

1. Global performance. Global performance is the basis for flying a large straight line. Pay attention to two issues when adjusting. One is the maximum reduction of resistance. The surface of the model should be kept smooth. The parts and components are streamlined (also include weight). Comparison, that is, can increase gliding ratio.
The second point is to adjust to a favorable corner. The angle is controlled by the lifting adjustment film. The lift ratio of different angle models is different, which is the largest favorable angle rising ratio, and the same height gliding distance. After normal gliding, you need to fine -tune the lifting adjustment film to find a best rudder position.
2. The weight of the model. Many people have a impression, and it seems that the more the model is, the more not far. actually not. The model of the model has nothing to do with weight. On the other hand, the kinetic energy of the small model is small, the ability to overcome resistance is small, and the distance between the throwing distance is small. This reason is not far away from the fluttering straw. Therefore, the model of the straight line distance items should be appropriately increased within the scope allowed by the rules to increase the kinetic energy of the model.
3. The rigidity of the wing. The initial speed of the hand throw model is large, the wing is bearing the torque, it is easy to deform or even trembling and affect the flight performance. For this reason, carefully operate when making, so as not to let the wing surface not crease. If the rigidity is still insufficient, it is necessary to strengthen it appropriately. The method is to apply glue at the joint and fuselage coexistence, and you can also double -sided ones (such as tape) in a single -sided domain of the wing root.
4. Adjustment of straight -line flight
A. The ideal linear flight is the model that has no direction unbalanced torque and has no horizontal unbalanced torque, that is, the vertical tail does not have a biased angle (direction adjustment of the center position), left and right, left and right, left and right, Wing is completely symmetrical (no auxiliary wing effect). This situation not only has the least resistance, but also adapts to changes in speed.
B. In fact, the model is generally turning. The reason is nothing more than the asymmetry of the wing (most of the cases are distorted by the wing), which produces rolling torque, or the vertical tail has a torque of the direction. In this case, it is best to find out the reason for "right medicine" to achieve a straight -line flight close to the ideal. We call this adjustment method "direct adjustment method".
C. There is also a method of adjustment, such as the torque of rolling to the left due to the distortion of the wing, the model tilted to the left, and the force of the lift to the left turn the model to turn left. This situation does not directly correct the distortion of the wing, but gives a little right rudder, which can also make the model fly directly. This adjustment method is called "indirect adjustment method". Although indirect adjustment can also achieve straight -line flight, this linear flight is flawed: one is to increase the resistance and reduce gliding performance; the other is that it is difficult to adapt to changes in speed. The reason for the latter turning polarization is mostly caused by indirect adjustment.
Therefore, the "direct adjustment method" should be adopted to avoid the "indirect adjustment method".
5. The method of overcoming the stagnation of the front jumping stall
This mentioned earlier that the front and forward climbing can greatly increase the flight results, but at the same time, there is a risk of defeat rushing and stall steering. Therefore, overcoming the speed of the previous loss is the key to increasing results.
The measures to overcome the stagnation of the front stagnation are to improve the stability of the pitch. The specific method is to move the center of gravity forward appropriately. At the same time, the wings are increased accordingly, and the installation angle of the horizontal rear wing is increased to maintain a pitch balance. In this way, when the wing of the head rushing up in front of the model is gradually approaching the stall, the horizontal tail is not stagnant as the corner is small, and the horizontal tail still has enough low head to turn the model to glide.
. Another way to overcome the defeat of the front stall is to fly with a smaller angle. It turns out that the larger the angle, the easier it is to rush down, the smaller the angle, the less likely to enter the stall.
This stall turning is caused by the distortion of the wing. When the wing is distorted, there must be a corner Jiaotong University (the other side becomes smaller). When the half of the wing is stagnant first, the model is tilted to turn. The indirect adjustments mentioned earlier are particularly manifested in this situation, so the distortion of the wing must be completely corrected.

. Throwing skills

After the model is adjusted, it is determined that the flight score depends entirely on the throwing skills. Good skills can give full play to the flight performance of the model, and even make up for certain defects of the model. Therefore, it is not a matter of investing. Repeat the essentials:
1. The actions of running and throwing should be coordinated to keep the model stable, avoid jittering and drawing arcs.
2. Proper shot speed. The speed of the shot is not fixed, different adjustments, different flight methods, different wind speed wind directions require different shots. Strive to do whatever you want, accurate.
3. Appropriate angle of shots. Generally, the natural gliding method should have a small negative angle; the horizontal forward rush angle angle is generally zero (level); the rushing side should have a proper positive angle (elevation angle).
4. Shooting point and direction of shot: If the model is completely straight, in the case of no wind, the athletes should shot to the front point of the take -off line, so the success rate is the highest. But in fact, the majority of the turning models account for the majority, and the side wind is flying. Smart athletes are good at using the changes in shots and directions to correct the deviation caused by the change of side wind and model transformation. For example, if the right turning model is released in the middle of the take -off line, it may fly out of the side line from the right. If you touch the left wind again, the situation will be more serious. If you change a way -the shot point is on the left side of the take -off line, and the direction of the shot is conscious. In this way, the first half of the model may fly out of the left line in the air, and the rear half may come back to land in the field to make the results effective.
5. Wind and throwing timing: The impact of wind on flight is unfavorable, and there are also favorable aspects. For example, the smooth air can increase the flight distance; the backwind reduces the flight distance, and the side wind sometimes exacerbates the partiality, and sometimes reduces the partiality. Wind is generally mandor, and wind speeds and wind directions are constantly changing. Be good at capturing the best time. For example, it is best to make a big wind in the wind in the wind, and the weak wind is shot instantly when the wind is against the wind.

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